A simple relationship between Lüders elongation and work-hardening rate at lower yield stress

Lüders elongations at several temperatures for a low carbon steel with various ferrite grain sizes, as well as other carbon steels reported in the literature, were studied from viewpoints of the lower yield stress (LYS) and the work-hardening rate at the LYS. The Lüders elongation affected by various microstructural factors including ferrite grain size, temperature, strain rate, and carbon concentration can be summarized by one parameter, namely the work-hardening rate at the LYS.