Preparation and characterization of BaTiO3 powders and ceramics by the sol–gel process using organic monoacid as surfactant

The effect of five kinds of organic acids (hexanoic, decanoic, dodecanoic, cetylic and stearic acid) on the phase, microstructure and dielectric properties of BaTiO3 powders and ceramics was investigated, and fine grain BaTiO3 ceramics with excellent dielectric properties are prepared by the sol–gel process using these organic monoacids as surfactants.