Effect of particle size and strain in nanocrystalline SnO2 according to doping concentration of ruthenium

X-ray diffraction studies of nanocrystalline Ru-doped SnO2 reveal that concentration of Ru governs particle size as well as strain such as tensile or compressive form. The texture coefficient values of all the samples, indexed to a tetragonal lattice, exhibit (211) as the preferred orientation. The lowering of d-values in 0.2 wt% Ru-doped SnO2 suggests existence of the compressive strain, while shift of d-value to the higher side in 0.3 or above wt% Ru can be attributed to the transformation of compressive strain into the tensile form. The results indicate that expansion in the cell volume generates tensile strain by surpassing the compressive strain.

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