Extensive Comparison of Solar Modules Manufactured with Single and Double Printed Cells

With respect to Single Printing (SP), Fine Line Double Printing (FLDP) metallization process delivers 0.21% absolute efficiency gain and 11 mg paste saving in mass production. In fact, an average finger width of 47 μm is achieved with FLDP, with 16 μm line width decrease if compared to SP. In this work we investigate how this cell efficiency gain translates into module power by looking at extensive module production runs at Yingli. FLDP modules use 10% less Ag, have comparable Cell To Module (CTM) loss and reliability performance, and exhibit better Electroluminescence yield due to absence of interruptions.