Berezinsky–Kosterlitz–Thouless transition in phase fluctuating superconductors with inhomogeneous Gaussian distributed couplings

Within the framework of phase fluctuation picture for the pseudogap state of cuprate superconductors, we study the effects of both spatial inhomogeneity of coupling strength and thermal phase fluctuations on the superconducting transition temperature. Such a Berezinsky–Kosterlitz–Thouless (BKT) transition is characterized by a two-dimensional (2D) classical XY model, in which the bond coupling is assumed to be roughly proportional to the superconducting bond order parameter. In recent STM experiments with lattice-tracking spectroscopy technique, a Gaussian-like spatially distributed pairing strength is observed. Our Monte Carlo simulations using Wolff cluster update on such 2D classical XY model, in which the bond coupling obeys a similar spatial Gaussian distribution, indicate that the enhancement of the variance of Gaussian distribution may suppress the BKT transition temperature. In addition, we calculate the related physical quantities, including the spin stiffness, free energy, specific heat, magnetization and magnetic susceptibility, by changing the inhomogeneity variance.