Low temperature sintering and dielectric properties of BaTiO3 with glass addition

To develop low-temperature-fired BaTiO3-based ceramics, the effects of various glasses (BaO–B2O3–SiO2 (BBS), PbO–B2O3–SiO2 (PBS), and ZnO–B2O3–SiO2 (ZBS1: 57 mol%ZnO–33 mol%B2O3–10 mol%SiO2 and ZBS2: 60.7 mol%ZnO–24.9 mol%B2O3–14.4 mol%SiO2)) addition on both the sintering behavior and dielectric properties of BaTiO3 were investigated. X-ray diffractometer (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), dilatometer were used to examine the effect of various glasses on the densification of BaTiO3 and the chemical reaction between the glass and BaTiO3. The results indicate that ZBS2 glass can be used as a sintering aid to reduce the sintering temperature of BaTiO3 from 1300 °C to 900 °C without the formation of secondary phase. The dielectric properties of BaTiO3 with ZBS2 glass sintered at 900 °C show a relative density of 95%, a high dielectric constant of 994, and a dielectric loss of 1.6%.