Synthesis of (Pb,Ca) (Fe0.5Nb0.5)1−xTixO3 ceramics by a reaction-sintering process

Synthesis of (Pb0.45Ca0.55) (Fe0.5Nb0.5)1−xTixO3 (x = 0 and 0.1; PCFN and PCFNT) ceramics by a reaction-sintering process was investigated. The mixture of raw materials was pressed and sintered into ceramics without any calcination stage involved. The density reaches 5.88 g cm−3 (91.6% of the theoretical value) at 1270 °C for 2 h soak time in PCFN. Densification increased as B-site was substituted by 10% Ti and a density value 6.21 g cm−3 (98.1% of theoretical value) was obtained after 2 h sintering at 1270 °C. Qf values of 2017 and 3331 GHz are observed in PCFN and PCFNT sintered at 1150 °C, respectively; τf of 0 and 1.5 ppm °C−1 are observed in PCFN and PCFNT sintered at 1270°C, respectively.