Article ID | Journal | Published Year | Pages | File Type |
---|---|---|---|---|
1528634 | Materials Science and Engineering: B | 2015 | 7 Pages |
Abstract
The potential of novel tungsten-barium titanate composites as thermionic emitters is explored. Composites ranging from 20% to 80% tungsten by mass were prepared by sintering in an Ar-H2 atmosphere. XRD and SEM studies indicate four major micro-constituents; W, BaTiO3, Ba4(Ti,Fe)12O27 and BaWO4. Richardson work functions (ÏR) and Richardson constants (AR) were determined using a Schottky diode arrangement at temperatures ranging from 1223 to 1473Â K. Work functions ranged from 2.67Â eV to 3.32Â eV with a shallow minimum at 40% by mass W and were relatively constant (â¼2.7-2.8Â eV) in the range 30-70% by mass W. The decrease in work function was accompanied by a strong decrease in AR from 39.3Â AÂ cmâ2Â Kâ2 to 0.02Â AÂ cmâ2Â Kâ2 over the range 20-70% by mass W. The reduction in both ÏR and AR was associated with the major conversion of the surface to BaWO4 and Ba4Ti12O27 during the activation treatment before emission testing.
Related Topics
Physical Sciences and Engineering
Materials Science
Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials
Authors
Muhammad M. Hasan, Heber Sugo, Erich Kisi,