Structured surfaces as optical metamaterials

We present a survey of approaches to the design of one- and two-dimensional randomly rough surfaces that scatter or transmit light with specified angular, coherence, spatial, or wavelength properties of the scattered or transmitted field. Applications of such surfaces are described. It is shown how the average over the ensemble of realizations of the surface profile function used in the design of these surfaces can be replaced in the theory and in experiment by the illumination of a single realization of the random surface by a broadband source. Experimental results illustrating some of the predictions of the theory are presented.