Changes in EEG measurements in intractable epilepsy patients with neurofeedback training

To assess the effects of neurofeedback on brain electrophysiology and to determine how biofeedback works, power spectral density (PSD) and approximate entropy (ApEn) analyses are applied to the EEGs of six patients with intractable epilepsy who received neurofeedback training. After sessions of treatment, the EEG sensorimotor rhythm to theta PSD ratio calculated from the C4 electrode site becomes larger than that before the treatment, which is consistent with the biofeedback protocol. The ApEn over 16-channel EEG recordings all increase to different degrees. Larger increases occur in channels located near the training position (C4). All these results suggest that these EEG measurements are new criteria that can be used to evaluate the effect of neurofeedback.