The fabrication of efficiency-improved W-series interconnect type of module by balancing the performance of single cells

Large dye-sensitized solar cells (DSCs) are usually fabricated as module types instead of single cell types, because the overall efficiency of an area-expanded single DSC is decreased by its large surface resistances and low fill factor (FF). The general DSC module designs are the parallel grid, series interconnect, and series monolithic types. The W-series interconnect type of module has some advantages, such as its easy fabrication and simple structure. Moreover, it also avoids the reduction in the FF. However, it has an efficiency imbalance between the single cells, because of the discrepancy in their luminous intensity. Therefore, the fabrication of the W-series interconnect type of module will be cost-effective only if the problem of its efficiency imbalance is solved. In this study, the thickness of the Pt layer, which has a very high reflection rate, and that of the electrolyte layer are minimized and the transmitted light is reflected by a metallic thin film in order to increase the number of photons absorbed by the dye molecules in the module. As a result, the performance of the efficiency-balanced W-module is improved by approximately 1% as compared to that of the conventional module.