Critical assessment and thermodynamic modeling of the Cu-O and Cu-O-S systems

► Thermodynamic optimization of the Cu-O and Cu-O-S systems. ► A model for the liquid phase developed within the framework of the quasichemical formalism. ► This model describes simultaneously metallic liquid, sulfide liquid (matte) and oxide liquid (slag). ► All phase equilibria and thermodynamic data are reproduced within experimental error limits. ► This is the basis for a thermodynamic database for simulation of copper extraction from sulfide concentrates.