Explore the electron work function as a promising indicative parameter for supplementary clues towards tailoring of wear-resistant materials

For materials used under dynamic loading conditions such as impact and impact wear, an appropriate balance between hardness and toughness is highly desired. However, determination of such a balance is challenging, since the toughness depends on both the mechanical strength and ductility, which complicates the judgement and control. Besides, local defects, poor phases and interfaces all could trigger local cracking and consequent global failure. These undesired structural or microstructural imperfections increase the difficulty in controlling the hardness-toughness balance. In this article, using high-Cr cast irons (HCCI) as example, we demonstrate that electron work function is a promising indicative parameter for supplementary clues to adjust the balance between hardness and toughness for HCCIs towards improved performance.