Ferromagnetic shape memory alloys: Alternatives to Ni–Mn–Ga

This paper intends to review the state-of-the-art in the field of ferromagnetic shape memory alloys different than Ni–Mn–Ga, developed in the last years. It starts with the effects of additions of different fourth elements to Ni–Mn–Ga and continues with the review of other Heusler (or B2) Ni-based and Co-based alloy systems, like Ni–Mn–X, Ni–Fe–Ga, Co–Ni–Al and Co–Ni–Ga alloys. Finally, ferromagnetic Fe-based alloys, like Fe3Pt and Fe–Pd and a new mechanism of magnetic actuation in Ni–Mn–In–Co, recently introduced, will be treated.