Preparation of double-doped BaCeO3 and its application in the synthesis of ammonia at atmospheric pressure

Perovskite-type oxides BaCe0.90Sm0.10O3−δ (BCS) and BaCe0.80Gd0.10Sm0.10O3−δ (BCGS) were synthesized by the sol-gel method and characterized by thermal analysis (TG-DTA), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Using the sintered samples as solid electrolytes and silver-palladium alloy as electrodes, ammonia was synthesized from nitrogen and hydrogen at atmospheric pressure in a solid-state proton-conducting cell reactor. The maximum rate of production of ammonia was 5.82×10−9 mol s−1 cm−2.