Engineering and metrology of epitaxial graphene

Here we review the concepts and technologies, in particular photochemical gating, which contributed to the recent progress in quantum Hall resistance metrology based on large scale epitaxial graphene on silicon carbide.

► Single-layer graphene grown with a fairly uniform carrier density over a large area. ► Polymer encapsulation improves graphene temporal stability and carrier mobility. ► Demonstrated non-volatile, non-invasive, and reversible photochemical gating of epitaxial graphene. ► Explored the accuracy and robustness of QHE in graphene/polymer heterostructures.