On the use of graphical method to determine the targets of single-contaminant regeneration recycling water systems

Water system integration with regeneration recycling can reduce freshwater consumption and wastewater discharge to the maximum extent. In this paper, by analyzing the limiting composite curve of a single-contaminant water system, a method is proposed to construct the optimal water supply line for regeneration recycling. Accordingly the targets for regeneration recycling water systems are obtained. The targets in sequence are the minimum freshwater consumption (the minimum wastewater discharge), the minimum regenerated water flowrate, and the optimal regeneration concentration. The post-regeneration concentration is taken to be fixed in the sequential targeting procedure. The interactions of these targets are analyzed, and formulas for calculating these targets are proposed. The results show that for a single-contaminant regeneration recycling water system, the minimum freshwater consumption is determined by the shape of the limiting composite curve below the post-regeneration concentration. The optimal regeneration concentration is defined as the minimum regeneration concentration at the minimum freshwater consumption and the corresponding minimum regenerated water flowrate. The minimum regenerated water flowrate and the optimal regeneration concentration are both related to the geometrical features of the limiting composite curve of the water-using system and to the post-regeneration concentration. The optimal regeneration concentration has no direct relationship with the pinch concentration.