New EMF measurements and thermodynamic evaluation of the In–Pb–Zn system

Seven alloys of the In–Pb–Zn ternary system were studied in the range of 660–791 K by the method of electromotive forces (EMFs), using the electrochemical cell:(−) Zn|ZnCl2 + KCl + LiCl|In–Pb–Zn (+). Temperature dependencies of EMF (E(T) = a + b ⋅ T) were obtained for three phase regions: (I) homogeneous liquid, (II) heterogeneous liquid 1 + liquid 2 and (III) heterogeneous liquid 3 + solid mixtures.Based on these equations the values of chemical potential of zinc as well as phase transition temperatures were found. On the basis of the obtained and literature data, thermodynamic model of ternary liquid was proposed. The liquidus surface projection and vertical sections In0.5Pb0.5–Zn, In0.5Zn0.5–Pb, Pb0.5Zn0.5–In of the system In–Pb–Zn were calculated.

Graphical abstractCalculated vertical section of the In–Pb–Zn system at In:Zn = 1:1.Figure optionsDownload full-size imageDownload as PowerPoint slideHighlights► EMF study and thermodynamic modeling of the system In–Pb–Zn. ► Calculation of three vertical sections. ► Calculated liquidus surface projection.