Iodide substitution in lithium borohydride, LiBH4–LiI

The new concept, anion substitution, is explored for possible improvement of hydrogen storage properties in the system LiBH4–LiI. The structural chemistry and the substitution mechanism are analyzed using Rietveld refinement of in situ synchrotron radiation powder X-ray diffraction (SR-PXD) data, attenuated total reflectance infrared spectroscopy (ATR-IR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and Sieverts measurements. Anion substitution is observed as formation of two solid solutions of Li(BH4)1−xIx, which merge into one upon heating. The solid solutions have hexagonal structures (space group P63mc) similar to the structures of h-LiBH4 and β-LiI. The solid solutions have iodide contents in the range ∼0–62 mol% and are stable from below room temperature to the melting point at 330 °C. Thus the stability of the solid solutions is higher as compared to that of the orthorhombic and hexagonal polymorphs of LiBH4 and α- and β-LiI. Furthermore, the rehydrogenation properties of the iodide substituted solid solution Li(BH4)1−xIx, measured by the Sieverts method, are improved as compared to those of LiBH4. After four cycles of hydrogen release and uptake the Li(BH4)1−xIx solid solution maintains 68% of the calculated hydrogen storage capacity in contrast to LiBH4, which maintains only 25% of the storage capacity after two cycles under identical conditions.

Graphical abstractFigure optionsDownload full-size imageDownload as PowerPoint slideHighlights► Anion substitution in LiBH4. ► Structure and properties of two LiBH4–LiI solid solutions. ► Stability upon heating and over time. ► Hydrogen storage properties of LiBH4–LiI.