Frequency–temperature response of Pb(Zr0.65−xCexTi0.35)O3 ferroelectric ceramics: Impedance spectroscopic studies

Complex impedance spectroscopy (CIS) technique is used to obtain the electrical parameters of polycrystalline samples of Pb(Zr0.65−xCexTi0.35)O3 (PZCT) (x = 0, 0.05, 0.10, 0.15) in a wide frequency range at different temperatures. These samples were prepared by a high temperature solid-state reaction technique and their single phase formation was confirmed by X-ray diffraction technique. This study was carried out by the means of simultaneous analysis of impedance, modulus, and electrical conductivity. The Nyquist plots suggest that only the bulk is responsible in the conduction mechanism of the materials. The occurrence of single arc in the complex modulus spectrum of all the compositions of Ce confirms the single-phase characteristics of the PZCT compounds, and also confirms the presence of non-Debye type of multiple relaxations in the material.