Improvement in high-Tc phase formation in (thallium-antimony) doped bismuth-based superconducting materials

Doping of a combination of Tl0.3−xSbx is found to promote the formation of high-Tc (Bi-2223) superconducting phase in Bi1.7Pb0.4Sr2Ca2Cu3Oy compound which consequently results in enhancement of the critical temperatures, i.e. Tc(0) and Tc(onset). The structural information about the samples is retrieved through powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) whereas the critical temperature are determined through measurement of electrical resistivity and magnetic susceptibility. Various proportions of both the high-Tc (Bi-2223) and the low-Tc (Bi-2212) phases are present in the synthesized samples. However, the sample containing a dopant content x = 0.06 exhibits comparatively the lowest value of the ΔT = 5 K and the highest content (82.5%) of the high-Tc phase and zero resistivity critical temperature Tc(0) = 109 K.