Field-directed chaining of nanowires: towards transparent electrodes

•First demonstration of cm-scale coverage with AC field-directed nanowire network.•Technique and guidelines to reduce disruptors in nanowire chaining.•Cost-effective control of nanowire connectivity, multiple nanowire chains.•Path to high-performance transparent electrodes at low cost.•Difference between field-directed nanowire chaining and single nanowire positioning.

Nanowire networks on rigid or flexible substrates can be used as low-cost transparent electrodes for displays, photovoltaics and as sensors. Generating an ordered configuration of connected nanowires from disordered suspension requires external forces. We demonstrate chaining of nanowires, using an AC electric field to generate dielectrophoretic force on nanowires adjacent to the electrodes and dipole–dipole interaction between nanowires far from the electrodes. Classifying and controlling forces and parameters that disrupt chaining, we provide guidelines to enable large-area coverage with multiple nanowire chains. Compared with other low-cost techniques such as spray or spin coating, AC electric field-directed assembly provides control over density and connectivity of nanowire chains with potential for fabricating low-cost, high-performance devices.

Graphical abstractCovering large surface area with multiple nanowire chains, using AC electric field-directed nanowire chaining. This method enables control of nanowire connectivity and provides a path for fabrication of cost-effective, high-performance transparent electrodes.Figure optionsDownload full-size imageDownload as PowerPoint slide