Effect of cooling rate on the electrochemical properties of solid-state synthesized spinel LiMn2O4

LiMn2O4 samples were prepared by solid-state reaction with different cooling rates (0.5, 1, 3, 5 °C min− 1, and quenching) from Li2CO3 and electrolytic MnO2. X-ray diffraction patterns of the prepared samples are identified as the spinel structure with a space group of Fd3¯m. The lattice parameters increase gradually as the cooling rates rise. The quickly cooled samples show better capacity properties at high current densities and a capacity fade when cycling at lower current density. Varieties of electrochemical methods were introduced to investigate the electrochemical properties of spinel LiMn2O4.