| Article ID | Journal | Published Year | Pages | File Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1690660 | Vacuum | 2012 | 9 Pages |
Abstract
⺠An overview of rarefied flows encountered in pharmaceutical freeze-drying is presented. ⺠Thermal creep, conduction, pressure-driven flow, expansion with icing are discussed. ⺠DSMC of flow with icing is presented and results compare well with measurements. ⺠We analyze the influence of design parameters on performance of freeze-dryers.
Related Topics
Physical Sciences and Engineering
Materials Science
Surfaces, Coatings and Films
Authors
Arnab Ganguly, Steven L. Nail, Alina A. Alexeenko,