Microwave-assisted green synthesis of dibenzo[a,j]xanthenes using p-dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid as an efficient Bronsted acid catalyst under solvent-free conditions

The p-dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid (DBSA) has been successfully applied as an efficient acidic catalyst for the microwave-assisted synthesis of a series of 14-aryl- or alkyl-14H-dibenzo[a,j]xanthenes (3a-m) via a one-pot condensation-cyclization reaction of β-naphthol with various aliphatic or aromatic aldehydes under solvent-free conditions. Operational simplicity, short reaction times, excellent yields and environmentally-benign conditions are other advantages of this protocol.

Graphical abstractAn efficient, economical and eco-friendly procedure for the synthesis of 14-aryl- or alkyl-14H-dibenzo[a,j]xanthenes has been achieved via p-dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid (DBSA) catalyzed one-pot condensation of β-naphthol with a wide range of aliphatic or aromatic aldehydes under solvent-free microwave conditions.Figure optionsDownload full-size imageDownload as PowerPoint slide