Propellantless formation flight applications using electromagnetic satellite formations

The alternative to using propellant for actuation of formation flying satellites is for each spacecraft to produce their own electromagnetic field that others in the formation can react against. This technique can be achieved by creating a steerable magnetic dipole and is called Electromagnetic Formation Flight (EMFF). EMFF can be implemented on a spacecraft by driving current through three orthogonal electromagnetic coils to create a steerable magnetic dipole in three dimensions. This paper investigates the applicability of EMFF as a means for attitude and translation control of multiple spacecraft maneuvering in close proximity. One example scenario is using two EMFF satellites as an inspector system to examine a non-EMFF satellite that is nearby. The results of the analysis show the design of the proximity guidance, navigation, and control laws that allow for rapid inspection scenarios. The primary role of EMFF is to impart forces and torques to maintain a satellite array. In addition, potential secondary roles of EMFF were investigated using EMFF in a multi-role sense. These included power transmission, passive, offensive capabilities, and use of the HTS coils as torque coils for geostationary satellites. The results of this paper show that EMFF is a promising propellantless formation flight technology.