Runway incursion prevention systems: A review of runway incursion avoidance and alerting system approaches

Runway incursions are events where two or more vehicles use the same runway, resulting in a conflicting situation. Avoiding runway incursions has been a top ten priority for the National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) for over a decade. Therefore, this article provides a review of currently deployed technological responses and those currently under development. The outline is as follows: In Section 1, an introduction to runway incursions and the increasing significance of the threat is given, followed by a brief description of possible technological solutions in Section 2. Section 3 introduces the results of currently developed runway incursion prevention systems, while Section 4 is a description of the performance of the systems. The review concludes with a brief discussion and an outlook on essential future work.