Formation and Influencing Factors of Free Surface Vortex in a Barrel with a Central Orifice at Bottom

Based on the Navier-Stokes equations with considering the effect of the Coriolis force, the finite volume method was employed to discretize the governing equations, the SIMPLE method was adopted to solve the discretized equations, and the flow field in a barrel with an outlet at the center of the bottom was simulated. The numerical results agree well with the experimental data. From the Lagrangian, the relations among the acceleration, the Coriolis force and the viscosity force were analyzed. The results show that the Coriolis force is the major factor that causes the formation of the vortex. The flow fields in the flume under different incoming flow conditions were numerically simulated using the software Fluent. The numerical simulations show good agreement with the experiments for the shape and position of the vortex.