The performance characteristics of inclined highly pervious pipe breakwaters

This study investigates highly pervious dense pipes with small apertures, which benefit convection and the interchange of seawater within harbor districts and provide effective wave absorption. Additionally, this study explored the problems of wave impacts on the inclined state of highly pervious pipe obstacle, the energy dissipation characteristics for a series of inclined pipe breakwaters, and the relationship between the inclination angle and the dissipation effect. Pipe breakwaters were arranged in diverse angles of inclination. Forward inclination replicated the effects of a concave embankment, and backward inclination replicated the inclined plane of a sloping revetment. Physical experiments were conducted to investigate the influence that various apertures and inclined angles have on reflection coefficient, transmission coefficient, and loss coefficient. The results show that the influence of highly pervious inclined permeable breakwaters varies according to the effect of minimum reflectivity. The attenuation of long waves is ineffective compared to the efficacy for short waves. Lengthening the pipe enhances the effects of attenuation more compared to shifting the inclination angle, and shifting the inclination angle enhances the effects more than enlarging the aperture.