Equilibrium and pre-equilibrium calculations of neutron production in medium–heavy targets irradiated by protons up to 100 MeV

In this study, by using equilibrium and pre-equilibrium reaction mechanisms, the (p,xn) cross-sections of the spallation neutron target nuclei 50,52,53,54Cr and 63,65Cu were investigated for incident proton energies up to 100 MeV. The excitation functions for pre-equilibrium reaction mechanisms were calculated by using a hybrid model, a geometry dependent hybrid model, the full exciton model and the cascade exciton model. Equilibrium effects were calculated according to the Weisskopf–Ewing model. The calculation results were also compared with the measurements in literature.