Reducing the total life cycle energy demand of recent residential buildings in Lebanon

Results show that the life cycle energy demand is dominated by transport energy (49%) followed by operational (33%) and embodied (18%) requirements. The main ways to reduce this life cycle energy demand comprise relocating jobs outside of the capital, putting in place an adequate public transport network, improving town planning to favour pedestrians and rely on gas or renewable energy sources instead of electricity when possible, notably for domestic hot water.