Distribution of some natural gamma-emitting radionuclides in the soils of the coastal areas of Nigeria

Studies on the radiation level and the radionuclide distribution of some naturally occurring radioactive materials (NORM) in the soils of the coastal areas of Southern Nigeria were undertaken. The purpose of this study is to provide baseline data for the effective monitoring of unforeseeable radioactive fallout in these areas where a lot of oil exploration activities are going on. The radioactivity concentrations of these naturally occurring radionuclides (specifically 40K, 238U and 232Th) in the soil samples were analyzed using a high-resolution, low-background, hyper-pure coaxial gamma-ray detector (EG&G ORTEC HPGe) coupled to an amplifier and multi-channel analyzer. The activity of 40K ranges between 111.9 and 444.7 kBq kg−1 with a median value of 283.28 kBq kg−1; the activity of 226Ra (a daughter of 238U) varies from 23.24 to 43.66 kBq kg−1 with a median value of 34.54 kBq kg−1; and that of 232Th ranges from 6.45 to 12.79 kBq kg−1 with a median value of 9.17 kBq kg−1. The mean absorbed dose rate in air due to these NORM is found to be (33.655 ± 3.409) nGy h−1. The correlation analyses showed a positive relationship between the three radionuclides in all the five coastal states.