Inferring the composition of the liquid surface on Titan at the Huygens probe landing site from Surface Science Package measurements

Ground truth for the existence of an ocean, sea or lake on Titan or, more precisely, a liquid surface at the specific impact point of the Huygens probe, came from the sensors of the Huygens Surface Science Package (SSP). The state of the surface material can be derived on impact using the onboard accelerometers. In the case of an impact into a liquid the SSP sensors would have been able to measure not only density but also acoustic properties, permittivity, refractive index and thermal properties. In this work, we describe possible ways of constraining the composition of a liquid surface on Titan by combining various measurements made by SSP.