Energetic ion observations of the Earth’s magnetic cusps during an extended geomagnetically quiescent period in April 2001 using detectors on S/C ISTP/Polar

We present a method of polar cusp identification using high charge state heavy ions. There is reason to think that these ions would constitute shocked solar wind ions such as doubly charged helium ions, He2+, and multiply charged oxygen ions, O(3−8)+, that appear to have relatively easy access to one or both of the polar cusps essentially at all times. The observations made with the ISTP/POLAR spacecraft were mostly obtained during geomagnetically non-storm times in April 2001 when the spacecraft orbit allowed northern cusp encounters with low trajectory angle between the spacecraft velocity vector and the overall cusp magnetic field orientation. We also show one extended cusp crossing during the modest magnetic storm of April 22, 2001 (with Dst ∼−103 nT). It is found that during the study period, 1–10 keV high charge state ions are present in the cusp region at virtually all times, during storm or quiet. We also found that what appears to be the interior of the northern polar magnetic cusp region can be rather turbulent both in the local magnetic field direction and in the energetic charged particle kinetic flow characteristics. There is some evidence for temporally varying turbulent acceleration processes, either within the cusp domain itself or in the surrounding magnetosphere. In terms of the present ion observations, there is little to distinguish the dayside low latitude boundary layer (LB) ion signatures from those of the interior of the polar cusp region (high charge state ions, abundant 1–10 keV ion fluxes).