Optimization of dimensions and inner surface of water Cherenkov detector with one photomultiplier tube (PMT) for the Alborz observatory air shower array

In order to be more precise to find primary cosmic particles directions, nowadays detectors and data analysis for studying secondary particles in extensive air showers have an ongoing progress and water Cherenkov detector is considered as a secondary particles detector. Our aim in this paper is to optimize the size and the inner surface characteristic of a cylindrical water Cherenkov tank with one PMT in order to use at the Alborz observatory air shower array which consists of 20 plastic scintillation detectors and 10 water Cherenkov detectors. By comparing data gathered by tanks with diffusing and specular reflection inner surfaces, we show that the diffusing inner surface is more practical. Also from simulation and experiments results, we conclude that the optimum height for a diffusing tank with a diameter of 45 cm is 60 cm.

► The optimum dimensions of a Cherenkov tank with one PMT is 60 cm in height and 40 cm in diameter. ► Contamination of a water Cherenkov detector with reflective surface is more than the diffusing surface. ► This kind of detector is suitable for small extensive air shower arrays.