Characteristics of planetary-scale waves simulated by a new venusian mesosphere and thermosphere general circulation model

► We developed a new model for the venusian mesosphere and thermosphere. ► In the venusian thermosphere, the subsolar-to-antisolar flow is dominant. ► Below about 90 km, a weak return flow of the subsolar-to-antisolar flow is driven. ► Kelvin wave propagates up to around 130 km in the venusian upper atmosphere. ► Kelvin wave causes the temporal variation of the O2-1.27 μm nightglow emission.