Photocatalytic degradation of C.I. Basic Violet 10 using TiO2 catalysts supported by Y zeolite: An investigation of the effects of operational parameters

The physical and chemical states of zeolite-supported TiO2 were evaluated via powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and nitrogen adsorption–desorption isotherms. The effects of operational parameters, including TiO2 content, calcination temperature, pH, initial dye concentration, as well as catalyst dosage, on photocatalytic degradation performance were examined. The photocatalytic reaction followed first-order kinetics for all catalysts; optimum photodegradation efficiency was found to result from the use of a high TiO2 concentration (20% TiO2), a calcination temperature of 600 °C, alkaline pH (9–10) and a catalyst dosage of 5333 ppm.