Possibility of tsunami early-warning from post-seismic ionospheric disturbance for 2 July, 2013, Mw = 6.1 Indonesia’s Bireun earthquake: Two-dimensional principal component analysis

Two-dimensional principal component analysis (2DPCA) has been used to determine ionospheric two-dimensional total electron content (TEC) anomaly after Indonesia’s Bireun earthquake at 07:37:02 UT on 2 July, 2013 (Mw = 6.1). The TEC data, from 07:35 to 07:50 (UT) during the earthquake, are examined. The TEC anomaly was more intense localized at 07:40–7:45 (UT) post earthquake. Potential reason of the TEC anomaly may be an anomalous fluctuation e.g., electron density variation which is a rising high speed acoustic shock wave resulted by the mainshock of the earthquake. The duration time of the TEC anomaly was at least 5 min. The anomalous fluctuation could be an early warning for the regions far from the epicenter when it began to propagate because the tsunami arrived at the far regions much slower than the anomalous fluctuation if the tsunami was caused by an earthquake with the epicenter in the sea.