Magnetism origin of Mn-doped ZnO nanoclusters

ZnMnO nanoclusters were synthesized by the sol–gel method. The structural and magnetic characters were investigated. The XRD spectrum shows ZnMnO nanoclusters are hexagonal wurtzite structures and a small quantity of ZnMn2O4 phase is also present in the spectrum. The percentages of Zn and Mn elements in the ZnMnO nanostructure are 97% and 3%, respectively, which are induced from XPS data. EPR spectrum with g=1.9961g=1.9961 shows the signal of Mn2+. The magnetization curve measured at room temperature shows a hysteresis loop. XRD and XPS analyses prove that ferromagnetic ordering arises from ZnMn2O4 in all probability.