Lattice location of the group V elements As and Sb in ZnO

The lattice locations of the potential p-type dopants arsenic and antimony in single-crystalline ZnO were studied by means of the electron emission channeling method following the implantation of radioactive 73As and 124Sb isotopes. The majority of the implanted As and Sb probe atoms was found to occupy substitutional Zn sites, with the possible fraction on substitutional O sites being at maximum a few percent. The obtained results illustrate the difficulty in introducing oversized group V impurities on O sites and thus put further into question whether these elements may act as simple chemical dopants in ZnO.