The degrees of tri-axial orientation in RE-doped Bi2212 powders aligned in a modulated rotation magnetic field

•Tri-axial magnetic alignment of Bi2212 with rare-earth (RE) doping was attempted.•Magnetization axes depended on the type of doped RE ions.•RE-doping increased degrees of inplane orientation and inplane magnetic anisotropy.

We report relationship between the degrees of tri-axial orientation and doping level of rare earth (RE) ions in Bi2Sr2(Ca1−xREx)Cu2Oy (RE-doped Bi2212; RE = Dy, Ho, Er and Tm) powder samples aligned under a modulated rotation magnetic field (MRF) of 10 T. Tri-axial magnetic alignment of the RE-doped Bi2212 with x = 0–0.5 was achieved by single-ion magnetic anisotropy of RE3+ and tri-axial magnetic anisotropy induced by modulation microstructure in a grain level. The degrees of in-plane and c-axis orientation with ∼3° were achieved for the case of the Tm-doped Bi2212 with x = 0.5. The findings in the present study give us important information for the fabrication of triaxially oriented Bi-based cuprate superconductor materials by the magneto-scientific process.