Pancake vortex molecules in HgBa2Can−1CunOy (n ⩾ 6) superconductors

HgBa2Can−1CunOy (Hg:12(n − 1)n) phases have the same Tc independent of n and the same vortex melting line for n ⩾ 6. In these materials, there are two types of pancake pairs: those separated by the thick block of (n − 2) inner CuO2 planes, which are weakly coupled by the magnetic interaction, and, respectively, those separated by the thin HgBa2Ox charge reservoir layer, which are much stronger coupled by the Josephson coupling. The vortex melting line common to all Hg:12(n − 1)n phases (n ⩾ 6), separates two new vortex phases, pancake-molecule-glass, and pancake-molecule-liquid.