The quantum states of high-Tc materials – States of topological resonances

The nature of the electronic states of the CuO2 planes in high-Tc materials is elaborated, being proven as a crucial revision of previous assumptions. One important aspect is the general existence of electronic pair states in two manifestations, which determine superconducting or non-superconducting properties. The decisive basis of the theory developed in this paper is derived from the various broken symmetries of the electronic states and the formation of one-dimensional electronic subspaces. The non-superconducting state is already characterized by a two-dimensional ordering of one-dimensional electronic states in space (stiffness in space), whereas the superconducting state is represented by a two-dimensional highly correlated electronic state in space and time (stiffness in space and time). Under the inclusion of lattice dynamics, the electronic ground state is reached by a topological superposition of symmetry-broken sub-states, quantized and determined in time (Topological Resonance (TR)). This forms the basis for inherent times (eigentime) of the electronic quantum states, an important but unusual characteristic of these quantum states. Under hole doping, the general nature of the electronic state of the CuO2 plane can be characterized as a coherent quantum fluid consisting of two partial fluids (b-holes, f-holes). The characteristics of this quantum fluid state are predominantly determined by the strongly correlated b-hole fluid, whereas the f-hole fluid possesses higher internal degrees of freedom. The existence of a b-hole fluid is an indispensable precondition for the existence of a superconducting state in high-Tc materials.