Hadronization in semi-inclusive deep-inelastic scattering on nuclei

A series of semi-inclusive deep-inelastic scattering measurements on deuterium, helium, neon, krypton, and xenon targets has been performed in order to study hadronization. The data were collected with the HERMES detector at the DESY laboratory using a 27.6 GeV positron or electron beam. Hadron multiplicities on nucleus A   relative to those on the deuteron, RAh, are presented for various hadrons (π+π+, π−π−, π0π0, K+K+, K−K−, p  , and p¯) as a function of the virtual-photon energy ν, the fraction z   of this energy transferred to the hadron, the photon virtuality Q2Q2, and the hadron transverse momentum squared pt2. The data reveal a systematic decrease of RAh with the mass number A for each hadron type h  . Furthermore, RAh increases (decreases) with increasing values of ν (z  ), increases slightly with increasing Q2Q2, and is almost independent of pt2, except at large values of pt2. For pions two-dimensional distributions also are presented. These indicate that the dependences of RAπ on ν and z   can largely be described as a dependence on a single variable LcLc, which is a combination of ν and z  . The dependence on LcLc suggests in which kinematic conditions partonic and hadronic mechanisms may be dominant. The behaviour of RAπ at large pt2 constitutes tentative evidence for a partonic energy-loss mechanism. The A  -dependence of RAh is investigated as a function of ν, z  , and of LcLc. It approximately follows an AαAα form with α≈0.5–0.6α≈0.5–0.6.