| Article ID | Journal | Published Year | Pages | File Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1851009 | Physics Letters B | 2015 | 5 Pages |
Abstract
The effective number of neutrinos, NeffNeff, obtained from CMB fluctuations accounts for all effectively massless degrees of freedom present in the Universe, including but not limited to the three known neutrinos. Using a lattice-QCD derived QGP equation of state, we constrain the observed range of NeffNeff in terms of the freeze-out of unknown degrees of freedom near to quark–gluon hadronization. We explore limits on the coupling of these particles, applying methods of kinetic theory, and discuss the implications of a connection between NeffNeff and the QGP transformation for laboratory studies of QGP.
Related Topics
Physical Sciences and Engineering
Physics and Astronomy
Nuclear and High Energy Physics
Authors
Jeremiah Birrell, Johann Rafelski,