Intermittent criticality in the long-range connective sandpile (LRCS) model

We here propose a long-range connective sandpile model with variable connection probability PcPc which has an important impact on the slope of the power-law frequency-size distribution of avalanches. The long-range connection probability PcPc is changed according to an explicit function of the size of the latest event, although the evolution rule of PcPc may be different in various physical systems. Such version of the sandpile model demonstrates large fluctuations in the dynamical variable 〈Z〉(t)〈Z〉(t) (the spatially averaged amount of grains retained within the grid at each time step), indicating the state of intermittent criticality in the system. Many researches have suggested that the earthquake fault system is an intermittent criticality system, which would imply some level of statistical predictability of great events. Our modified sandpile model thus provides a testing ground for many proposed precursory measures related to great earthquakes.