Ion-acoustic shock waves with negative ions in presence of dust particulates

Dust acoustics shock waves have been investigated experimentally in a homogeneous unmagnetized dusty plasma device containing negative ions. When the negative ion density larger than a critical concentration ‘rcrc’ negative shock waves were observed instead of positive shock waves. Again when it is nearly equal to ‘rcrc’ both positive and negative shock waves propagate. The experimental findings are compared with modified KdV–Burgers equation. The velocity of the shock waves are also measured and compared with the numerical integration of modified KdV–Burgers equation.