Electrochemical properties of nanocrystalline TiO2 synthesized via mechanochemical reaction

Nanocrystalline anatase TiO2 is successfully synthesized via a facile and rapid mechanochemical reaction with subsequent annealing in different atmospheres. Transmission electron microscopy observation and X-ray diffraction peak broadening reveal the average crystallite size to be about 11 nm. Cyclic voltammetry and galvanostatic discharge–charge tests at various current densities are carried out to explore electrochemical properties of the synthesized materials. The first discharge and charge capacities can reach 325 mAh g−1 and 234 mAh g−1, respectively. Moreover, nanocrystalline TiO2 also exhibits good rate capability and excellent capacity retention for over 700 cycles.

Graphical abstractNanostructured TiO2 synthesized via mechanochemical milling.Figure optionsDownload full-size imageDownload as PowerPoint slideHighlights► Nanocrystalline TiO2 as fine as ∼11 nm is synthesized via a facile and rapid mechanochemical reaction with subsequent annealing. ► Non-oxidizing atmosphere creates defective crystal structure and noticeably elevates electronic conductivity of anatase TiO2. ► As anode material in LIBs, this nanocrystalline TiO2 exhibits good rate capabilities and remarkable long-term cyclic performances for over 700 cycles.