Other-regarding preference causing ping-pong effect in self-questioning game

In traditional game theory, players tend to be selfishly motivated when playing games, seeking to maximize their personal gain. In this work, we study other-regarding preference in a self-questioning game on the evolution of cooperation via a synchronous update, and use parameter α to denote the fitness factor (the larger the α is, the greater the other-regarding preference will be). We find that increase of α promotes the evolution of cooperation, and importantly intermediate α can lead to the ping-pong effect. Through the micro-evolution characteristics, we also analyze the contributing factors for the occurrence of ping-pong effect.