Learning ability driven by majority selection enhances spatial reciprocity in prisoner’s dilemma game

Learning ability has a significant influence on the evolution of behavior traits. In this paper, we consider individual learning ability as a function of himself and his neighborhood state: majority selection leads to the normal ability, otherwise the learning motivation is reduced to μ. We find that the intermediate μ leads to an optimal cooperation level, which is universally effective on different interaction networks. Through investigate the evolution process, this promotion effect can be the fact that learning ability μ changes the evolution speed of cooperation and the expanding trend of cooperators clusters. Compared with low or large value, intermediate μ can guarantee the formation of extremely robust clusters and decreases the defectors attacks. Last, we investigate the impact of uncertainty within strategy adoption and find that the introduction of μ may change the effective interaction network. Since phenomena related to majority selection are abundant, we hope that it can provide more theoretical supports.